Total solar eclipse is a solar eclipse, the moon that the sun was all covered in astronomical phenomena. If the sun and the moon, the Earth just three or close to a straight line up, the moon blocking the sun shines up the earth, the moon just behind the shadows fall on Earth, when a solar eclipse phenomenon. Moon Shadow on Earth where people are beginning to see the sun gradually weakened, the sun's shadow covered surface is round, the sky turned dark, full cover, the sky can be seen in the brightest stars and planets, a few minutes later, from the gradually exposed edge of the moon shadow the sun began to students light, complex circle. Smaller than the Earth as the moon, and only in shadow on the people to see the total solar eclipse.
Causes of total solar eclipse
Solar eclipse, but also as a solar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon, when the Moon to the Sun and the Earth is between, on the parts of the earth, the moon blocking the sun, some or all of the light, looks like the sun part or all of the disappeared, hence the name. Only in the New Moon eclipse, the moon and the sun that is present when the state of cooperation.
Solar eclipse is a rare phenomenon, in three of the more rare solar eclipse is total solar eclipse, because only the Moon's umbra projection face of the earth, the people in the region to observe the solar eclipse. Total solar eclipse is a very spectacular natural phenomena, so often attracts many tourists go abroad specifically to watch total solar eclipse of the scene. For example, in 1999 the total solar eclipse occurred in Europe, attracting so many tourists specially went to watch, but also introduced special tour designed for those tourists visit.
In ancient times, humans lack the knowledge of astronomy, solar eclipse is the day that the dog days, or a symbol of disaster, held a ceremony in eclipse. However, in modern society, the solar eclipse this sense has been gradually abandoned by the people.
Introduction of the total solar eclipse
Because of moon around the earth running from west to east, so the solar eclipse is always round the edge of the beginning of the West side. When the moon's eastern edge to the sun, round face, new to the moment (that is, the eastern edge of the lunar surface and on the West edge with circumscribed moment), called the initial loss. Early losses is the beginning of the eclipse time.
Both fresh start from the early deficit, that is, a partial eclipse phase. The moon continues to run east, the sun is the moon round face cover part of the increases, the intensity of the sun and the heat dropped significantly. Month with the Japanese side of the east edge of the eastern edge of phase inner surface when cut, as both fresh. At this time the entire sun is covered with a round face, so food is not only the start of a solar eclipse.
The significant value of total solar eclipse
The reason why total solar eclipse attention, but the main reason is that the value of its huge astronomical observations.Solar eclipse, solar eclipse in particular: is it an excellent opportunity to understand the sun. We usually see the sun, but it is part of the light ball, light ball outside of the solar atmosphere of the two important levels - the chromosphere and corona, are submerged in the bright light shining into the ball. Chromosphere is the solar atmosphere in the middle, which is in the ball of light above the 2000-km thick layer; in the sun outside, but also surrounded by very high temperatures (millions of degrees Celsius) but very thin plasma, extended area many times larger than the sun itself, this is called the corona. The brightness of the corona is only one millionth sun itself, usually it is completely hidden in the earth's atmosphere caused by scattering of light in the blue canopy. Total solar eclipse, the moon blocking the sun's light ball with a round face, dark sky in the background, have seen a red ball and silver color white corona, scientists can at this particular time, under certain conditions, observed chromosphere and corona, and shoot color balls, pictures and spectra of the corona to study the sun's physical state and chemical composition. For example, in August 18, 1868 the total solar eclipse, the French astronomer to shoot the Japanese mulberry feeding spectrum, discovered a new element "helium", the element has been in the past twenty years, the only Rem by the British chemist found on the earth element.
Solar eclipse can study the relationship between Sun and the Earth to provide a good opportunity. Sun and Earth has a very close relationship. When the sun to generate strong activity, it issued a far-ultraviolet, X-rays, particle radiation, and this will, make the earth's magnetic field, ionosphere disturbances occur, and produce a series of geophysical effects, such as magnetic storms, auroral disturbances short-wave communications interruption. In the total solar eclipse, because on the surface of the moon gradually cover the various sources, which led to changes in various geophysical phenomena, so the total solar eclipse when the various effects of the geophysical observation and research has some practical significance, observe the total solar eclipse and has become an important part of the study.
Total solar eclipse observation and research, but also help to study astronomy, physics many issues, using total solar eclipse of the opportunity to find a recent Stars and planets within the orbit of Mercury; to measure the stars near the sun passed from bending to test general relativity, can study the nature of gravity and so on.In addition, the study of solar eclipse solar eclipse occurs when the weather changes, biological reactions have a certain significance
The history of science there are many major astronomy and physics discovery is the opportunity to make use of solar eclipse, and only through such opportunities Caixing. The most famous example is the 1919 a total solar eclipse, confirming Einstein's general relativity is correct. Albert Einstein published in 1915 appears to be very difficult to understand at the time, but also very hard to believe general relativity, this theory predicts light in the huge gravitational field will bend. Most human beings can be exposed to the gravitational field is the sun, but the sun itself issued a very strong light, faint distant stars near the sun after not turning up, simply do not see. However, if the total solar eclipse, blocking sunlight, it can be measured without turning out the light Po, Po how much bending. Opportunity to appear in 1919, but the total eclipse zone in the South Atlantic, the very remote, very hard. British astronomer Eddington enthusiasm and curiosity with a strong observation team off. Einstein observations and calculated results agree well in advance, from theory of relativity by world recognition.
By:Ren Xian
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